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1. Overview of translation (article) | Khan Academy
Link: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/translation/a/translation-overview
Description: WebStep 1: transcription! Here, the DNA sequence of a gene is "rewritten" in the form of RNA. In eukaryotes like you and me, the RNA is processed (and often has a few bits snipped out of it) to make the final product, called a messenger RNA or mRNA. Step 2: translation!
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2. Stages of translation (article) | Khan Academy
Link: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-expression-central-dogma/translation-polypeptides/a/the-stages-of-translation
Description: WebTranslation involves “decoding” a messenger RNA (mRNA) and using its information to build a polypeptide, or chain of amino acids. For most purposes, a polypeptide is basically just a protein (with the technical difference being that some large proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains).
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3. Translation | Description, Process, & Location | Britannica
Link: https://www.britannica.com/science/translation-genetics
Description: WebMar 16, 2024 · Translation, the synthesis of protein from RNA. Translation takes place on ribosomes, where messenger RNA molecules are read and translated into amino acid chains. These chains are then folded in various ways to form proteins. Translation follows transcription, in which DNA is decoded into RNA.
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4. tRNAs and ribosomes (article) | Translation | Khan Academy
Link: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-expression-central-dogma/translation-polypeptides/a/trna-and-ribosomes
Description: WebTranslation takes place inside structures called ribosomes, which are made of RNA and protein. Ribosomes organize translation and catalyze the reaction that joins amino acids to make a protein chain. Illustration of the molecules involved in protein translation. A ribosome is shown with mRNA and tRNA.
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5. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)
Description: WebIn biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time.
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6. Translation: DNA to mRNA to Protein | Learn Science at Scitable
Link: https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/translation-dna-to-mrna-to-protein-393/
Description: WebThe process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. Aa Aa Aa. The genes in DNA encode protein molecules,...
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7. translation / RNA translation | Learn Science at Scitable - Nature
Link: https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/translation-rna-translation-173/
Description: WebTranslation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). During translation, an mRNA...
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8. The major steps of translation | Learn Science at Scitable - Nature
Link: https://www.nature.com/scitable/content/the-major-steps-of-translation-14710884/
Description: WebThe major steps of translation. (1) Translation begins when a ribosome (gray) docks on a start codon (red) of an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm. (2) Next, tRNA...
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9. 9.4 Translation - Concepts of Biology | OpenStax
Link: https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/9-4-translation
Description: WebThe process of translation, or protein synthesis, involves decoding an mRNA message into a polypeptide product. Amino acids are covalently strung together in lengths ranging from approximately 50 amino acids to more than 1,000. The Protein Synthesis Machinery.
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10. Principles, mechanisms, and biological implications of translation
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10275272/
Description: WebTranslation is divided into four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. Reinitiation requires that a ribosome initiates and elongates, reaches a stop codon, and terminates, but does not undergo the complete recycling process.
