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1. Birmingham campaign - Wikipedia
Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign
Description: WEBThe Birmingham campaign, also known as the Birmingham movement or Birmingham confrontation, was an American movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama.
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2. Birmingham Campaign | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and
Link: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/birmingham-campaign
Description: WEBBirmingham Campaign. April 3, 1963 to May 10, 1963. In April 1963 King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) joined with Birmingham, Alabama’s existing local movement, the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), in a massive direct action campaign to attack the city’s segregation system by putting pressure on ...
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3. Birmingham Campaign: History, Issues, and Legacy - ThoughtCo
Link: https://www.thoughtco.com/birmingham-campaign-history-legacy-5082061
Description: WEBOct 15, 2020 · The Birmingham Campaign was a decisive civil rights movement protest during April and May of 1963 led by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), seeking to bring attention to attempts by local Black leaders to end the de jure racial segregation of public facilities in Birmingham, Alabama.
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4. The Birmingham Campaign (1963) - Blackpast
Link: https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/birmingham-campaign-1963/
Description: WEBAug 31, 2016 · The Birmingham Campaign was a movement led in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which sought to bring national attention to the efforts of local Black leaders to desegregate public facilities in Birmingham, Alabama. The campaign was led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Reverends James Bevel and Fred ...
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5. Birmingham campaign - New World Encyclopedia
Link: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Birmingham_campaign
Description: WEBContents. 1 Background. 1.1 City of segregation. 1.2 Campaign goals. 1.3 Commissioner of Public Safety. 2 Focus on Birmingham. 2.1 Selective buying campaign. 2.2 Project C. 2.2.1 Methods. 2.2.2 City reaction. 2.3 Martin Luther King Jr. jailed. 3 Conflict escalation. 3.1 Recruiting students. 3.2 Children's Crusade. 3.3 Fire hoses and police dogs.
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6. Chapter 18: The Birmingham Campaign | The Martin Luther King…
Link: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/publications/autobiography-martin-luther-king-jr/chapter-18-birmingham-campaign
Description: WEBApril 3 – After delays in order to avoid interfering with election, SCLC and Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights launch protest campaign in Birmingham April 12 – After violating a state circuit court injunction against protests, King is arrested
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7. Martin Luther King, Jr. - Civil Rights, Nonviolence, Birmingham Jail
Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr/The-letter-from-the-Birmingham-jail
Description: WEBIn Birmingham, Alabama, in the spring of 1963, King’s campaign to end segregation at lunch counters and in hiring practices drew nationwide attention when police turned dogs and fire hoses on the demonstrators.
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8. Martin Luther King Jr. writes “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
Link: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/martin-luther-king-jr-letter-from-a-birmingham-jail
Description: WEB5 days ago · The Birmingham campaign succeeded in drawing national attention to the horrors of segregation. After the United Auto Workers paid King’s $160,000 bail, he was released from jail on April 20.
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9. Birmingham Campaign of 1963 - Encyclopedia of Alabama
Link: https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/birmingham-campaign-of-1963/
Description: WEBMar 25, 2024 · The city’s violent response to the spring 1963 demonstrations against white supremacy forced the federal government to intervene on behalf of race reform.
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10. "Letter from Birmingham Jail" - The Martin Luther King, Jr., …
Link: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/letter-birmingham-jail
Description: WEBApril 16, 1963. As the events of the Birmingham Campaign intensified on the city’s streets, Martin Luther King, Jr., composed a letter from his prison cell in Birmingham in response to local religious leaders’ criticisms of the campaign: “Never before have I written so long a letter. I’m afraid it is much too long to take your precious time.
